Viral conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva often caused by viruses like Adenovirus, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, and Molluscum contagiosum. This post covers how to diagnose, treat, and prevent this eye infection.
Causes of Viral Conjunctivitis:
The adenovirus is the main culprit behind viral conjunctivitis. This DNA virus can also cause other respiratory and eye infections and can survive on surfaces for a long time, making it easy to spread. Other viruses that can cause conjunctivitis include Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Enteroviruses, and Picornaviruses.
Transmission:
Viral conjunctivitis spreads mainly through contact with an infected person’s eye secretions, contaminated surfaces, respiratory droplets, or improperly chlorinated swimming pools. Direct contact, like touching or shaking hands with an infected person and then touching your eyes, is a common way it spreads. It can also be spread by touching objects like doorknobs or computer keyboards that have the virus on them, or through droplets from coughs or sneezes that make their way to the eyes.
Symptoms and Complications:
Common symptoms include excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, swollen eyelids, mild itching, and redness of the eye. Though the condition usually resolves on its own, it can lead to complications like conjunctival hemorrhage, small blisters on the eyelids, blurred vision, and, in severe cases, corneal inflammation.
Diagnosis:
Early diagnosis is crucial, particularly in children. Since its initial symptoms are similar to other eye infections, doctors typically observe the eye and review symptoms carefully. They may also take a sample of eye discharge to identify the specific virus causing the infection.
Treatments:
Mild cases, especially those caused by the adenovirus, often improve on their own. To alleviate symptoms, cold compresses, lubricating eye drops, and anti-inflammatory eye drops can be used. In some cases, doctors might recommend antiviral eye drops, though these are not always necessary. Corticosteroids are generally avoided unless there’s an associated corneal infection.
Prevention Strategies:
Practicing good hygiene is key to preventing viral conjunctivitis. Avoid sharing personal items like towels and makeup, wash your hands regularly, and wear sunglasses to protect your eyes. Those using antibiotics might consider taking probiotics to boost their immune system. Discard any makeup used during the infection to avoid reinfection.
In summary, following these straightforward hygiene and behavioral guidelines can help limit the spread of viral conjunctivitis, protecting both your health and that of others.
