Bacterial conjunctivitis is an eye infection caused by bacteria that affects the conjunctiva, the thin layer covering the inner eyelid and eyeball. Even though it’s generally a mild condition that can clear up in a few days with antibiotic eye drops, it’s important to confirm it’s a bacterial infection and not something more serious.
Causes and Risk Factors
Bacterial conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye infections, responsible for more than half of all cases of acute conjunctivitis.
In adults, this type of conjunctivitis is usually caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. These bacteria can penetrate the eye’s defenses, causing infection.
In children, the main culprits are Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, as their immune systems are not as developed.
Some people are more likely to get bacterial infections and conjunctivitis in particular. Risk factors include:
– Being around infected individuals often
– Using contact lenses
– Having AIDS
– Having sinus infections
– Suffering from colds
– Having venereal diseases
Symptoms and Complications
Bacterial conjunctivitis shares symptoms with other forms of conjunctivitis, like eye redness, excessive tearing, light sensitivity, and swollen eyelids. What sets it apart is the pus-like discharge that is yellow or green and can make the eyelids stick together.
With proper treatment, the outlook is very good. However, if the infection spreads to the cornea or is not treated adequately, complications can arise. In rare cases, especially in people with compromised immune systems, it can lead to serious conditions like sepsis, meningitis, ear infections, or pneumonia.
Diagnosis
To confirm bacterial conjunctivitis, doctors will perform specific tests. It starts with evaluating the symptoms and the patient’s medical history, followed by an eye exam. A sample of the discharge may be taken and analyzed in the lab.
Treatment
The usual treatment involves applying antibiotic eye drops or ointments directly to the eye. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often used because they target multiple bacteria. Sometimes, doctors also recommend corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation.
Prevention
Good hygiene is key to preventing bacterial conjunctivitis. Always wash your hands, especially before touching your eyes. Avoid sharing towels, sheets, or clothes with someone who has the infection. Try to steer clear of contact with infected individuals whenever possible.
In conclusion, while bacterial conjunctivitis is common and treatable, timely medical attention and good hygiene are crucial to prevent complications and spread.
